As freshwater systems and biota are rapidly declining globally, conservation efforts will require assessment of the adaptive capacity of populations to rapid environmental change.
Small populations with limited genetic diversity may have reduced adaptive potential and difficulty responding to future environmental change.
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As freshwater systems and biota are rapidly declining globally, conservation efforts will require assessment of the adaptive capacity of populations to rapid environmental change.
Small populations with limited genetic diversity may have reduced adaptive potential and difficulty responding to future environmental change.
Sierra yellow-legged frogs (RASI)
Foothill yellow-legged frogs (RABO)
Sierra yellow-legged frogs (RASI)
Foothill yellow-legged frogs (RABO)
Probably not based on Zweifel's work (1955)
Flexible and cost efficient, thousands of samples multiplexed at once (high throughput).
RAD Tags = sequences downstream of restriction sites. In order for samples to be sequenced on an Illumina machine, after cutting fragments must be ligated to adapters that will bind to an Illumina flow cell (RADSeq uses modified Illumina adapters that enable the binding and amplification of restriction site fragments only)
PCR duplicates can be identified as fragments that are identical in insert length and sequence composition, because random shearing ensures that fragments at a given locus are unlikely to be of equal length unless they are duplicates (Fig. 1; Davey et al. 2011; Hohenlohe et al. 2013). In contrast, for methods without a random-shearing step, all fragments at a given locus are expected to be of equal length whether or not they are PCR duplicates. Pooled DNA was sheared in a Bioruptor NGS sonicator.
Bean Creek/Spanish Creek largely the only locations where both species have been documented together, however, additional samples from Slate Creek and a few other small tributaries may show both spp (Goldberg/Mallory's MS)
Our filtering process (see Methods) yielded 3,062 putative diagnostic SNPs that were homozygous for different alleles in R. sierrae or R. boylii samples and also had successfully called genotypes in the two hybrid individuals
In addition, both hybrid individuals had RASI mitochondrial DNA (Bedwell 2018), indicating the maternal ancestor was from a RASI individual and the paternal ancestor was RABO
fastsimcoal2
(Excoffier & Foll, 2011) coalescent simulations to estimate migration rates between species within each watershedfastsimcoal2
(Excoffier & Foll, 2011) coalescent simulations to estimate migration rates between species within each watershedThe best model based on maximum likelihood estimated the time since divergence between R. sierrae and R. boylii was 370,856 (370,041–371,670) generations.
Early Pleistocene began ~1.8 mya ("Great Ice Age").
"The good life of any river may depend on the perception of its music; and the preservation of some music to perceive. Aldo Leopold"
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